chart of accounts

How Does QuickBooks Attached Documents Handle Security?

Chief Mechanic · March 19, 2011 ·

QuickBooks Attached Documents Manage Users

QuickBooks Attached Documents addresses the need for security by providing 4 levels of application permissions across 8 areas of QuickBooks functionality under an account overseen by a single user.

Users log into Intuit’s secure servers using an email address and password. While we’re on the subject of security, there’s one small drawback: the password is not case-sensitive and is therefore not considered a strong password.

A QuickBooks Attached Documents subscription is managed by a Company Administrator, the sole pre-defined role supported by the service. A user with the role of Company Administrator can:

Edit the business profile
Add other Attached Documents subscriptions
Update the current subscription

Here’s a screenshot of the screen to add a new user, which shows the range of security settings. After a user is added, security settings can be modified by clicking on the Manage Users button in the upper right of the browser screen, followed by editing a specific user. You can only manage users from a browser-based interface, not from within QuickBooks itself. The Setup and Manage Users menu selection will only open browser access to Attached Documents.

The service supports 4 levels of application permissions:

Administrator: can perform all functions and manage users
Full Access: can perform all functions but cannot manage users
View Only: can view any attachment in any area but cannot add new attachments and cannot modify or delete existing documents
Custom Access: controlled access across 8 functional areas

Necessarily, the user with the role of Company Administrator must have Administrator application permissions, but other users can have Administrator application permissions as well. While those users will have powerful capabilities, they won’t have the powers specific to the role of Company Administrator, such as editing the company profile.

The Custom Access permission is used to control access to documents in functional areas of QuickBooks. Custom Access supports 8 functional areas:

Sales and Accounts Receivable
Purchases and Accounts Payable
Checking and Credit Cards
Time Tracking
Payroll and Employees
Inventory
Sensitive Accounting Activities
Company Documents

Within these 8 areas, there are 4 capabilities:

Add: this is a global permission; if a user can add an attached document, he can add it to any area
View: this permission allows a user to look at but not modify or delete a document
Modify: this permission necessarily includes the View permission
Delete: this permission is only available to a user with Modify permissions in the same area

Users assigned a Custom Access level can make use of their capabilities (i. e., Add, View, Modify, or Delete) on lists and transactions associated with that area of accounting. A user can be assigned to more than one area, a necessity in a small firm that still wants to set some restrictions on document access.

Before examining how Custom Access applies in specific areas, it’s important to understand how access to files in the Document Inbox is controlled. Any user with View permission in any area can see all unattached documents in the Document Inbox. Custom Access can’t take affect until after a document is attached and put into a specific area. Therefore, for documents requiring controlled access, care must be taken to start the upload process by attaching them from within QuickBooks. If you elect to upload a document to the Document Inbox and attach it later, it is viewable by any user with View permissions until it is attached to a list item or transaction.

8 Functional Areas

Let’s review which lists and transactions are associated with specific areas. Note that a list or transaction type can appear in more than 1 area. For example, the Other Names list appears in both the Sales and Accounts Receivable and the Purchases and Accounts Payable areas.

Sales and Accounts Receivable: Customers, Other Names, Fixed Asset Item List, Estimates, Sales Orders, Invoices, Sales Receipts, Credit Memos, and Payments.

Purchases and Accounts Payable: Vendors, Other Names, Fixed Asset Items, Bills, Bill Credits, Bill Payments, Credit Card charges, Credit Card credits, and Purchase Orders. Note that Checks – which represent a different transaction type – cannot be seen unless the user has View permissions in the area of Checking and Credit Cards.

Checking and Credit Cards: Vendors, Other Names, Fixed Asset Items, Checks, Deposits, Credit Card charges, and Credit Card credits. Note that users with View permission can see documents attached to transactions in bank or credit card accounts but cannot see documents attached to the bank or credit card accounts themselves. Note also that Transfers are not included in this area.

Time Tracking: Other Names and Timers.

Payroll and Employees: Employees, Other Names, Paychecks, Payroll Liability Checks, Liability Adjustments, and Year-To-Date Adjustments.

Inventory: Items, Vendors, Other Names, Fixed Asset Items, Bills, Bill Credits, Bill Payments, Purchase Orders, Item Receipts, Inventory Adjustments, and Build Assemblies.

Sensitive Accounting Activities: Accounts, Journal entries, and Transfers. Note that users with View permission can see documents attached to general ledger Accounts, but to also see documents attached to transactions in a particular area, View permission for that area is required. For example, to view a document attached to a Check, a user must have View permissions in the Checking and Credit Cards area.

Company Documents: Documents attached to the company file itself via the Company Information window.

This last area is not an accounting function similar to managing A/R or A/P. Instead, it includes more general corporate documents that are connected to accounting and recordkeeping. Documents here include those attached to the Company Information via the Company->Company Information… menu selection. A screenshot of this point of attachment is shown below. Examples of documents that might be attached here include corporate organization documents such as articles of incorporation, bylaws, or meeting minutes.

QuickBooks Attached Documents Company File

A few examples of how applying security in QuickBooks Attached Documents will illustrate the power and flexibility of this security model. First, consider the need to upload bank statements but to restrict access to selected individuals. Bank statements attached to the Account are only viewable by users with access to Sensitive Accounting Activities, so the specific bank account to which the statement applies is the best point of attachment. We don’t recommend bank statements be attached to other list entities, such as Other Names, because documents attached to those lists are accessible to other areas.

Next, consider the need to upload payroll tax forms. If every user requiring access to the payroll tax forms will also have access to the Sensitive Accounting Activities area, one good point of attachment might be the liability account to which the tax form relates. Another approach might be to treat these forms as Company Documents, and attach them to the Company Information. A workable but slightly less desirable method would be to create employees representing the tax agency as placeholders and attach tax forms to the relevant placeholder employee. However, even though a tax form is often accompanied by a payment to a Vendor, we don’t recommend attaching a tax form to a Vendor because documents attached to that list item would be accessible to other areas, such as Purchase and Accounts Payable.

Both of these examples illustrate an important concept in making use of security in Attached Documents. Start by attaching a document to an area with the greatest restrictions and only attach it to other areas as required. If you attach a document to areas that include lists or transaction types that overlap, you may end up making the document available to a wider audience than you originally intended.

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How Do I Add a New Loan To Loan Manager?

Chief Mechanic · September 12, 2010 ·

To add a new loan to Loan Manager, there are some preliminary steps to make before running Loan Manager:

Evaluate if this is a loan that Loan Manager can track. Loan Manager doesn’t track interest-only loans, so if your loan requires you to make regular payments of interest over time and the entire principal in a single payment at the end of the term, Loan Manager isn’t the right tool
Verify the liability account for the new loan exists in your QuickBooks chart of accounts and that it is active; if not, add it or change its status
Verify the payment account (normally a bank account) which will be used to make payments on the new loan exists in your QuickBooks chart of accounts and that it is active; if not, add it or change its status
Verify the expense account which will be used to record interest expense for the new loan exists in your QuickBooks chart of accounts and that it is active; if not, add it or change its status
Verify the expense account which will be used to record other fees (such as bank fees) for the new loan exists in your QuickBooks chart of accounts and that it is active; if not, add it or change its status
If your loan has escrow payments associated with it, verify that the asset account which will be used to record prepaid expenses (such as property taxes or insurance) for the new loan exists in your QuickBooks chart of accounts and that its active; if not, add it or change its status
Verify the vendor or other name to which payments will be made exists; if not, add the vendor or other name
Enter the journal entries in QuickBooks so the current balance of the liability account associated with your new loan equals the original amount of the loan
Have in front of you the following information about the new loan: the origination date, the term, the interest rate, whether your lender uses daily compounding (and if so, whether it’s on a 360 or 365 day basis), the payment amount, the sequential payment number, the due date of next payment, and the escrow amount (if any)

Since Loan Manager reads information from your QuickBooks chart of accounts when it first loads, if the accounts required to set up the loan do not exist when Loan Manager starts, you won’t be able to set up the loan properly – even if you open a window within QuickBooks to add the accounts while Loan Manager is running.

Here’s the main window of Loan Manager:

To add a new loan, click the Add a Loan… button. The Add Loan window, the first step in the process, appears. Since we’ve already followed the steps in our checklist, our accounts already exist and the balance of our liability account equals the Original Amount of the new loan. In this example, that amount is $200,000.00. Choose your liability account and Lender (a vendor or other name) from the pull down menus. Enter the Origination Date for the loan, the Original Amount (which in our example is $200,000.00), the Term and the type of number the entered Term represents (weeks, months, or years).

Once this information is correct, press the Next button to bring up the second screen in the process of adding a loan. On this screen, enter the Due Date of Next Payment, the Principal Amount, and the Next Payment Number. For a new loan, the Next Payment Number will normally be 1 provided that you’re setting up the loan before your first payment is due. Choose the Payment Period (one of weekly, bi-weekly, semi-monthly, monthly, bi-monthly, quarterly, semi-annually, or annually) from the pull down menu. Specify whether the loan has an escrow payment associated with it, and if so, enter the Escrow Payment Amount and the Escrow Payment Account. The Escrow Payment Account is normally an asset account because escrow payments are being made in advance of the expense being incurred. If you want QuickBooks to remind you before a payment is due, make sure the checkbox is checked.

Once this information is correct, press the Next button to bring up the third screen in the process. Enter the Interest Rate for your loan as a percent. Choose the Compounding Period for you loan, which will default to the Payment Period you entered on the previous screen. You’ll also have the option of setting the Compounding Period to Exact Days to specify that your lender is using either a 360 or 365 day year to calculate interest. If you choose this setting, you’ll have the additional option of specifying the Compute Period as either 365/365 or 365/360. This information would normally be found in your original loan documents. Choose your Payment Account, Interest Expense Account, and Fees/Charges Expense Account from the pull down menus. Normally, the Payment Account is a bank account, such as a checking account.

When this information is correct, press Finish. You’ll see a screen similar to the one below. In our example, we added a new loan with a principal of $200,000 at a 10% interest rate, a 60 month term with monthly payments, and a $2,000.00 monthly payment. Since this loan is not is not fully amortizing with those provisions, there is a balloon payment at the end of the term. Clicking on the Payment Schedule tab will display the payment information for the loan; the Contact Info tab will display the relevant information for the vendor or other name we specified as the Lender. This information is maintained in QuickBooks itself, not Loan Manager.

It’s important to understand that Loan Manager is primarily a tool to calculate payment schedules and to simplify the process of distributing interest and principal payments to the appropriate GL accounts. When you create a new loan in Loan Manager, the outstanding balance for that loan will start as $0 – until you record a transaction in the liability account in QuickBooks itself. Once the liability account is increased to reflect the loan’s principal, Loan Manager can assist you to record the regular payments. Likewise, when you remove a loan from Loan Manager, you are not making changes to the liability account balance. Since we completed our checklist steps before running Loan Manager, which included recording the loan balance in the liability account, the balance was displayed correctly once we added the loan. Had we not completed that step, the Balance column for our new loan would show the balance of our liability account, or $0.

For more information on using Loan Manager, see our related articles on deleting a loan and recording a debt re-financing.

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How Do I Resort Lists?

Chief Mechanic · September 11, 2010 ·

Lists are one of the foundations of QuickBooks, and from time to time they can become out of order. That’s when they need to be resorted. Some common indicators that it’s time to resort your lists include:

the list itself is out of order
an element is missing
new entries in a list appear at the top of the list instead of in their sorted order
you can’t turn on the account number preference
selecting a Customer:Job, Vendor, or Employee in a Center fails to display existing transactions for that name
Names don’t properly auto-fill when entering a Name filter on the Advanced tab of the Edit->Find… function

Resorting any list will undo any special order you’ve applied to the list, and this activity can’t be done in multi-user mode. It’s always a good idea to backup your company file before undertaking an action that can’t be undone.

There are 8 lists that can be resorted. They are:

Customers:Jobs
Vendors
Employees
Other Names
Accounts
Items
Memorized Reports
Memorized Transactions

Since this technique is often used to address possible data corruption, we’ll outline the most efficient technique to resort multiple lists, but you can also choose to resort an individual list by opening up a Center and right clicking on a list element.

The first 4 lists are collectively referred to as Names or Entities, and there’s an easy way to resort these 4 lists:

Open the Write Checks window by clicking on Banking->Write Checks or using the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + W
In the Pay to the Order of field, click Ctrl + L
Opt to include inactive list entries by clicking the Include Inactive checkbox
Click the Name button and choose Re-sort List from the menu
Click Ok to resort the lists
Uncheck the Include Inactive checkbox

The screenshot below shows the combined Name list in Step 4:

QuickBooks Enterprise Solutions 10 Resort Name List

Our related article explains how to provide easy access to this combined list of all Names.

Resorting the Chart of Accounts and Items lists follow similar procedures, except each of these lists will have to be resorted individually. To access the Chart of Accounts, click the Lists->Chart of Accounts menu selection or use the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + A. To access the Items list, click Lists->Items. Opt to include inactive list entries, resort the list from the button in the lower left of the window, and uncheck the Include Inactive checkbox before proceeding to the next list.

Resorting Memorized Reports and Memorized Transactions are similar to the above steps, except there’s no need to include inactive list entries since they’re not allowed on these lists. To access Memorized Reports, click the Reports->Memorized Reports->Memorized Report List menu selection; to access Memorized Transactions, click Lists->Memorized Transactions or use the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + T.

After resorting lists, close and reopen your company file (.qbw) to insure that all changes are successfully written to disk.

Resorting lists is discussed in this Intuit knowledge base article.

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How Do I Enable Automatically Invoicing Customers For Reimbursable Expenses?

Chief Mechanic · September 1, 2010 ·

The first step to automatically invoice customers or clients for reimbursable expenses is to set a QuickBooks preference.

For more information on handling reimbursable expenses, see our related articles on what distinguishes a reimbursable expense from other expenses, invoicing a customer for reimbursable expenses, removing expenses from the list of billable expenses to be invoiced to a customer, and finding out which reimbursable expenses haven’t been billed to a customer.

Click on the Edit->Preferences menu selection to open the Preferences window. On the Company tab, click on the Time & Expenses sub menu. Be sure that under the Invoicing options block, the preference to Create invoices from a list of time and expenses is checked. This preference must be set before entering vendor bills for which you plan to seek reimbursement from a customer or client by issuing an invoice.

QuickBooks Premier 2009 Preferences Time & Expenses Invoicing

If you select the preference Track reimbursed expenses as income, then the income – but not the markup – associated with billing a customer for each reimbursable expense can be sent to a specific income account as discussed below.

If you don’t specify an income account for each expense account, the income associated with invoicing a customer for a reimbursed expense will be sent to the expense account itself. The Default Markup Percentage is the percentage that the reimbursed expenses will be marked up. If your markup is a positive percentage – that is, you’re charging your customer more than the actual expense to account for administrative or handling charges – the markup is sent to the Default Markup Account. The amount charged to a customer excluding the markup is either sent to an income account you specify or to the expense account.

If you specify a positive Default Markup Percentage, QuickBooks will automatically create a new Item in your Item List – a Group named Reimb Group. With a positive markup, QuickBooks will automatically subtotal reimbursable expenses on an invoice and display the markup and the total of the markup and the reimbursable expenses themselves.

For each General Ledger Expense account that you’d like to match to a corresponding Income account, edit the General Ledger account by clicking on the Company->Chart of Accounts menu selection or using the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + A. Select the Expense account you’d like to match to an Income account and edit the account by clicking on the Account button at the bottom of the Chart of Accounts window or using the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + E. Click the checkbox for the Track reimbursed expenses in Income Acct. setting and specify the Income account in the pulldown list.

QuickBooks Premier 2009 GL Add Account Track Reimbursed

You must assign a different Income account to each Expense account. Otherwise, you’ll receive this warning:

QuickBooks Premier 2009 General Ledger Warning 7

Enabling the preference and setting the relationships between income and expense accounts for reimbursable expenses is just the first step in automatically invoicing customers or clients for these types of expenses. Other steps include marking expenses as reimbursable, finding uninvoiced reimbursable expenses, and removing an expense from the list of those to be billed to a customer.

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Does QuickBooks Have Limits On the Number of List Items and Transactions That Can Be Entered?

Chief Mechanic · August 26, 2010 ·

Yes. There are 2 kinds of limits: physical and practical. Let’s consider each in turn.

QuickBooks faces these physical limits:

2 billion transactions
10,000 accounts in the GL chart of accounts
14,500 names (customers, vendors, employees, and other names – combined)
14,500 items (which include inventory items)
10,000 classes
100 price levels

The above list highlights the most important physical limits of QuickBooks; it’s not an all-inclusive list. The physical limits of Enterprise Solutions are considerably higher. For details on all of the physical limits of both QuickBooks and Enterprise Solutions, consult this Intuit knowledge base article.

To find out how your own company file stands relative to these limits, press F2 from within QuickBooks to display the Product Information window. On the right side, you’ll see the List Information. In this example, the company file has 134 (out of 10,000) GL accounts, 217 (out of 14,500) total names, and 106 (out of 14,500) Items.

QuickBooks Premier 2009 Product Information List Information

There are important practical considerations as well. According to Intuit, QuickBooks is designed for small businesses with fewer than 20 employees and $2 million in annual revenue. However, those are general guidelines. Bigger firms reliably use QuickBooks. What impacts whether you should use QuickBooks or its more powerful relative, Enterprise Solutions, is the size of your data file today and how that data is expected to grow over the time period for which you want to keep all transaction data in 1 file.

Intuit suggests estimating 2 Kb per transaction and projecting the size of your data file over several years. Keep in mind that a sale paid for with 1 check results in 3 transactions (invoice, payment, and deposit), and each AP transaction results in at least 2 (vendor bill and payment). This estimate does not include the data that list elements themselves (e. g., customers, vendors, or items) will add to overall file size.

In our experience, the performance of QuickBooks can degrade if overall company file size exceeds 100 Mb. Intuit suggests a practical limit of growth of 15 Mb per year (or about 7500 transactions).

As a company grows, QuickBooks includes a utility to remove fully paid and reconciled transactions in a process referred to as “cleaning up.” This process reduces the size of the QuickBooks company file. That’s why it’s important to consider the time period you’ll keep old transaction data in your company file. If you’ll clean up your company file every 18-24 months, the number of transactions you can store without hitting the practical limitations of QuickBooks will be considerably greater.

Some longtime QuickBooks users engage in a process of making a backup copy of a company file and then cleaning it up with a cutoff date. The backup copy preserves history transactions for those rare instances where they may be useful, but the company file for everyday use has been cleaned up and no longer includes stale, fully paid transactions. That results in improved performance.

The guidelines on practical limits we’ve discussed here aren’t unbreakable rules, and the limits are influenced by factors we didn’t mention, most notably the hardware performance of the computer on which you run QuickBooks.

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chart of accounts

8 Functional Areas

Accounting

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