equity account

How Do I Enter or Change the Opening Balance of a General Ledger Account?

Chief Mechanic · September 11, 2010 ·

When you’re setting up your QuickBooks general ledger, it’s a good idea to enter an opening balance for GL accounts. However, be careful not to enter opening balances for financial activity that occurred after your QuickBooks start date. To enter an opening balance, simply click the Enter Opening Balance button, which appears on both the Add New Account and Edit Account windows. Screen shots of both of these windows appear below.

Once you click the Enter Opening Balance button, you’ll see the Enter Opening Balance window:

QuickBooks Premier 2009 GL Enter Opening Balance

If you’ve already created the account, clicking the Enter Opening Balance button will open the account register, where you’ll be able to change an opening balance you previously entered.

The QuickBooks 2009 Add New Account window:

The QuickBooks 2009 Edit Account window:

The opening balance you enter should be the balance before your QuickBooks start date, which is the date you started using QuickBooks to track financial transactions. For bank and credit card accounts, you should enter an opening balance, which should be the ending balance on the last statement before you started using QuickBooks. As a general rule, if an account’s balance is the result of financial activity after your QuickBooks start date, you should use a transaction to change the account balance.

Some prefer to record an account’s opening balance by recording a general journal entry. One side of the general journal entry would set the account’s balance (either debit or credit), and the offsetting entry would be made to an equity account, such as the QuickBooks default Opening Balance Equity.

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What General Ledger Account Types Does QuickBooks Support?

Chief Mechanic · September 7, 2010 ·

QuickBooks supports 16 total general ledger account types in its Chart of Accounts. Each account is assigned a single account type, which can be changed, subject to certain restrictions.

5 Income/Expense Account Types for the Profit & Loss (P & L) Statement

Income
Expense
Cost of Goods Sold
Other Income
Other Expense

11 Asset/Liability/Equity Account Types for the Balance Sheet

Fixed Asset
Bank
Loan
Credit Card
Equity
Accounts Receivable
Other Current Asset
Other Asset
Accounts Payable
Other Current Liability
Long Term Liability

QuickBooks Premier 2009 GL Account Types

The Chart of Accounts can be accessed by one of several menu selections, Company->Chart of Accounts and Lists->Chart of Accounts, or by clicking Ctrl + A.

If account numbers are used, the numbers should follow certain broad account types. See our article on assigning general ledger account numbers based on the account type.

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Should I Use Account Numbers In My General Ledger?

Chief Mechanic · September 7, 2010 ·

We think you should use account numbers in your general ledger, but we think it’s more important that you’re consistent in either using them correctly or not using them at all.

To use account numbers, you need to enable that preference by visiting the Edit->Preferences menu and clicking on the Company Preferences tab of the Accounting submenu, which is shown below.

QuickBooks Premier 2009 Preferences Use Account Numbers

Once the account number preference is enabled, you’ll be able to manually assign account numbers to your general ledger accounts. QuickBooks won’t automatically assign them for you or insure that your numbers follow a consistent structure. It will insert the account number before the account name, and you’ll then be able to quickly locate accounts by typing the first few characters of an account name or the first few digits of the account number.

When assigning account numbers, use numbers that:

have a consistent length
have multiple unused integers between numbers to accommodate changes to your general ledger
follow a consistent structure

New businesses or companies installing QuickBooks for the first time are more likely to make changes to their general ledgers, so it’s especially important for these firms to have the flexibility to add or change account numbers.

In older versions of QuickBooks, account numbers were a way to re-arrange the order of accounts rather than having an account list in alphabetical order based on the account description. Since you can now drag accounts in your chart of accounts list to rearrange the order, account numbers no longer serve that purpose. Account numbers are primarily a tool to organize account numbers outside of QuickBooks, such as in Excel, and to improve the readabilty of your account list.

Intuit recommends the following ranges for assigning account numbers:

10000 to 19999 Assets
20000 to 29999 Liabilities
30000 to 39999 Equity or Capital
40000 to 49999 Income or Revenue
50000 to 59999 Cost of Goods Sold, Job Costs, or Project Costs
60000 to 69999 Expenses or Overhead Costs
70000 to 79999 Other Income
80000 to 89999 Other Expenses

QuickBooks organizes accounts on reports based on the account type, not the account number. Whether you follow this structure or another one of your own choosing is up to you. Just keep in mind that account numbers are another tool to help organize information. If you use account numbers but don’t use them in a way that results in a better organized chart of accounts, you’re actually worse off.

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What Should I Do If My Accrual Basis Balance Sheet Is Out Of Balance?

Chief Mechanic · September 5, 2010 ·

A balance sheet in QuickBooks can be produced on either a cash or accrual basis. A balance sheet that’s in balance is one where total assets are equal to the sum of total liabilities plus total equity. Sometimes, if your company file (.qbw) has become damaged, this fundamental accounting relationship can be broken because of data damage to individual transactions.

Intuit has several troubleshooting steps to attempt to resolve problems with a balance sheet that’s out of balance. These steps depend on which reporting basis balance sheet is out of balance. In this article, we’ll summarize the steps to address an accrual basis balance sheet that’s out of balance. See our related article on resolving problems with a cash basis balance sheet. There are also other ways to use reports to assist rebuilding a damaged company file.

The most likely cause of an out-of-balance accrual basis balance sheet is an income or expense account with an account balance but without transactions that add up to that balance. To fix this problem, Intuit recommends a multi-step process that involves:

calculating the amount by which the balance sheet is out of balance
identifying the problem account
testing your account identification
recording a check for $.01 to that account
running the Rebuild Data utility
deleting the check for $.01 previously recorded and testing the outcome

Step 1 – Calculate the Amount Your Balance Sheet is Out of Balance

Produce a standard balance sheet (Reports->Company & Financial->Balance Sheet Standard) and calculate the amount your balance sheet is out of balance. Be sure to click the Modify Report… button and set the Dates to All and the Report Basis to Accrual.

QuickBooks Premier 2009 Modify Report Balance Sheet All Dates Accrual Basis

Step 2 – Identify the Problem Account

First, export your chart of accounts. From the File->Utilities->Export->Lists to IIF Files… menu selection, choose Chart of Accounts in the Export window and click Ok.

QB_Premier 2009 Export Chart of Accounts

This export procedure will produce a delimited IIF file. Open this file in Microsoft Excel. Intuit recommends deleting the first 2 lines of this file, but we’ve kept them in the file in the screenshot below so you can see how the file will appear when you first open it in Excel. Note that Name is in Column B and OBAMOUNT is in Column F. Find the out-of-balance amount you calculated in the previous step in Column F, OBAMOUNT. There are 2 ways to do this: a) use Excel’s Find capability or b) sort all rows below the first 3 rows in the original Excel file (below the first 1 row if you choose to delete the first 2) and scroll through the sorted list of numbers to locate the out-of-balance amount you previously calculated.

Write down the account name from Column B that matches the OBAMOUNT you locate.

Step 3 – Test To See If the Account You Identified Is the Problem Account

Return to QuickBooks and open your chart of accounts (Company->Chart of Accounts or the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + a). Locate the account you identified in the previous step and double click on it to produce a QuickReport. Be sure to set the Dates setting to All dates. If there are no transactions in this account, then the identification process in Step 2 was successful. You’ve located an account with a balance in the chart of accounts but without transactions that add up to that balance.

Step 4 – Record a Check For $.01 To The Problem Account

Record a check to the problem account for $.01 from the Banking->Write Checks menu selection or the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + w. On the Expenses tab of the Write Checks window, enter the problem account previously identified.

Step 5 – Run the Rebuild Data Utility

From the Files->Utilities->Rebuild Data menu selection, run the Rebuild Data utility. This utility will attempt to match the transactions in an account with the account’s balance, thereby resolving the out-of-balance problem on the balance sheet.

Step 6 – Delete the Check Previously Recorded and Test the Results

Delete the check you recorded in Step 4. Open your chart of accounts (Company->Chart of Accounts or the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + a) and locate the problem account.

If the account you identified was a balance sheet account (accounts payable, accounts receivable, bank, credit card, equity, fixed asset, loan, long-term liability, other asset, other current asset, or other current liability), double click on the account to QuickZoom into that account’s register. Locate the check for $.01 and delete it by clicking the Edit->Delete menu selection or using the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + d.

If the account you identified was an income statement account (income, expense, other income, other expense, or cost of goods sold), double click on the account to produce a QuickReport. Be sure to change the Dates setting to All. Locate the check for $.01 and double click on that entry on the QuickReport. Delete the check by clicking the Edit->Delete menu selection or using the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + d.

Repeat the steps in Step 1 to produce a standard balance sheet and verify that the balance sheet is in balance. Be sure to confirm your Dates setting is set to All and your Report Basis is set to Accrual.

Sometimes, if you have several problem accounts, repeating this entire series of steps can restore balance to your balance sheet. For more serious data problems, send us an email.

To follow Intuit’s discussion of these steps, consult this Intuit knowledge base article.

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equity account

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